Objective:We aimed to investigate the relationship between neonatal and pregnancy outcomes and cervicovaginal smear-determined reactive cellular changes and/or inflammation revealing an infectious agent in the first trimester of pregnant patients.Method:A total of 153 pregnant women, who were in their first trimester period, were enrolled to the study. Records related to the pregnancy and neonates were identified and further analyzed.Results:In terms of smear results, of 152 patients, 54 (35.5%) were reported as normal while 96 (63.2%) had reactive cellular changes and/or inflammation and 2 (1.3%) had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. In 117 patients (76.4%), no infectious agent was observed while 22 patients (14.5%) had fungus (candida), 8 had protozoon (trichomonas vaginalis), and 5 (3.3%) had bacterial vaginosis. There was no statistically significant difference observed for average pregnancy weeks, baby’s birth weight, preterm birth and neonatal intensive care need between patients with reactive cellular changes and/or inflammation and those with normal smear results (p=0.72, p=26, p=0.44, p=0.52).Conclusion:We found no association between inflammation or reactive cellular changes of smear results in the first trimester of pregnancy and adverse pregnancy or neonatal outcomes as being first research in our country.