With the worsening of the global environment, energy conservation and environmental protection have become an inevitable trend in the development of modern vehicles, and new energy vehicles have been widely used in the world. Core technologies identification of new energy vehicles will help to clarify the development trend of new energy vehicles in the future and promote sustainable development. Firstly, Apriori algorithm is used to analyze the support of new energy vehicle technology and find the ones with strong technical relevance. Then, based on the concept of relative technical similarity, the technical distance and technical similarity are measured. Finally, patent portfolio analysis is conducted to identify the core technologies of new energy vehicles.