Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can power wireless, real‐time sensing system with hybrid electromagnetic or piezoelectric power, or directly drive commercial LED without battery. However, it is a great challenge to directly drive wireless real‐time sensing system due to low energy density based on environment energy. Here, a self‐powered smart wireless temperature monitoring system that uses machine learning to accurately measure the ambient temperature is developed. A position modulation‐based TENG‐driven transmitter enables wireless communication and real‐time temperature monitoring. This machine learning‐based wireless sensor can accurately monitor the ambient temperature, with a recognition accuracy of up to 96.2%. This sensor architecture could potentially be used in low‐cost distributed sensors for environmental monitoring.