Objective. To identify medical school characteristics associated with performance in a medical residency admission test. Materials and methods. Performance and selection rates according to type of medical school (Student´s t-test, Chi-squared test), accreditation status (Student´s t-test) and geographic regions (Anova) were analyzed from a database comprising 153 654 physicians who took the residency admission test Examen Nacional de Aspirantes a Residencias Médicas (ENARM) in the period 2014-2018. Results. Performance was 62.5% for accredited programs and 61.4% for non-accredited programs (p