Graphitized carbon exhibits exceptional thermal stability, electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and various intricate physical and chemical properties. Consequently, it has found extensive applications in diverse fields, such as electrodes, refractory materials, nuclear reactors, and supercapacitors. However, natural graphite is a limited nonrenewable resource, so finding other materials, exploring reliable graphitization methods, and achieving efficient green graphite production as an essential trend in the future is essential. In this paper, with corn straw liquefied product (CSLP) as raw material, ferric acetone catalyst, using carbonization, catalytic graphitization preparation of corn straw based graphitic carbon (CSBGC). When the graphitization temperature was 850 °C and the amount of ferric acetylpropionate (Fe(acac)3) was 7.0 mmol/g, the graphitized carbon showed better graphitization, micro fragmentation structure, and more minor defects, which effectively reduced the graphitization temperature, and the graphitic carbon rate of corn straw (CS) reached 25.2%. This study not only presents a highly efficient approach for synthesizing superior biomass-derived graphite carbon but also introduces usable perspectives on using corn straws.