AbstractObjective We performed an umbrella meta-analysis to explore the factors that influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.Materials and methods We systematically searched three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Embase) up to 20 February 2023. Extracting the effect size and 95% confidence intervals for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and the objective response rate (ORR).Results A total of 65 articles were included. We identified the following factors that benefit ICI therapy: smoking status (PFS: 0.72 [0.62, 0.84], p