From the last decade, a lot of research is being investigated on the future prospects of microbial-based nanosensors (MBNs). Conventional microbial biosensors involve instrumentation such as microplate readers used for choosing the superior microbial strains, detection of toxic compounds and environmental analysis. They are highly limited in selectivity, sensitivity, readout, portability, restricted automation and require highly skilled personnel for safe handling. These obstacles encouraged the researcher to investigate the possibility for novel integration with nanotechnology which is benefiting both the scientific and industrial communities. To overcome such limitations, the integration of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in biosensors has been proposed recently. Our chapter is primarily focused on the recent advancement of these MBNs where different microbial biosensors are integrated with well-known and studied nanomaterials. MBNs showed many unique advantages including high sensitivity, high selectivity and rapid response time with high resolution and accuracy and their applications in agriculture, industries and healthcare infrastructure.