Throughout the course of time, science has managed to develop its own capacious and expressive language. Each word and word combination gives the specialist a full, and at the same time concise description of an object or a phenomenon. These advantages of the scientific language are a result of the targeted selection and subsequent organization of the linguistic means of the common language in a scientific text. The peculiarity of using the common language in the sphere of science is twofold. First, the vocabulary of the scientific language is mostly based on terms and words used in their terminological definition, establishing the minimal and sufficient differentiating features of objects and phenomena. Secondly, the language of science (at least in Russian) is heavily reliant on foreign language borrowings and international words, which gives the language of science the necessary degree of precision and uniqueness (Mitrofanova 1973). The lexical, morphological, and syntactic means of language all contribute to the creation of the specific language of exact, natural and engineering sciences, which led to the structure of this research paper. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the key works of linguists who study the Russian language of exact, natural and engineering sciences on a lexical-semantic level. More specifically, it looks at the questions of the general scientific terminology of the Russian language, as well as terminology in specific fields of knowledge (i.e. mathematics, physics, chemistry). The second part of the paper reviews studies that examine the Russian language of exact, natural and engineering sciences on a textual level.