目的:经皮骶髂螺钉内固定已经成为治疗骨盆后环骨折的主要手术方式,然而徒手闭合操作对术者经验要求较高,且反复透视增加患者和医务人员辐射危害.文章通过Meta分析方法比较机器人辅助与徒手经皮骶髂螺钉置入治疗骨盆后环骨折临床疗效的差异. 方法:计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library及ClinicalTrials.gov等数据库,检索时限均从各数据库建库到2022年12月.搜集国内外关于对比研究机器人辅助与徒手经皮骶髂螺钉置入治疗骨盆后环骨折临床疗效的文献,由2名研究者分别根据纳入和排除标准独立筛选并提取文献数据.采用Cochrane风险评估标准评价随机对照试验质量,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表对纳入队列研究的质量进行评估.使用RevMan 5.4软件对纳入指标进行Meta分析,结局指标包括手术时间、术中出血量、透视时间、透视频率、钻孔次数、Majeed术后功能评分、Matta骨折复位优良率、Gras螺钉位置优良率、骨折愈合时间及术后并发症. 结果:①共纳入13篇文献,2篇为随机对照试验,均提及随机方法;11篇为非随机对照研究,根据纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行文献质量评价,1篇8分,9篇7分,1篇6分,文献质量较好;共纳入748例患者,其中机器人组430例,徒手组318例.②Meta分析结果显示,机器人辅助组手术时间(MD=-28.30,95%CI:-40.20至-16.40)、术中出血量(MD=-6.36,95%CI:-10.06至-2.66)、术中透视时间(MD=-12.13,95%CI:-19.54至-4.72)、术中透视频率(MD=-17.39,95%CI:-29.00至-5.78)、术中导针钻孔次数(SMD=-9.50,95%CI:-14.27至-4.73)和Gras螺钉位置优良率(OR=8.65,95%CI:3.26-22.92)均明显优于徒手组(P<0.05);③机器人辅助组可显著降低术后总体并发症发生率(OR=0.10,95%CI:0.02-0.48,P<0.05);④两组骨折愈合时间(MD=-0.08,95%CI:-0.21,0.06)、Matta骨折复位优良率(OR=2.06,95%CI:0.97-4.39)、Majeed功能评分(MD=0.91,95%CI:-0.31-2.13)比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05). 结论:与徒手骶髂关节置钉相比,机器人辅助可缩短手术时间,降低术中出血量,减少患者和医务人员辐射伤害,提高螺钉位置优良率,降低患者术后总体并发症发生率,但对骨折复位质量、骨折愈合时间及术后功能无显著改善.未来仍需更多大样本、多中心、高质量的随机对照试验加以验证.
OBJECTIVE:Percutaneous sacroiliac screw internal fixation has become the main surgical procedure for the treatment of posterior pelvic ring fractures;however,the unassisted closure operation requires high operator experience and repeated fluoroscopy increases the radiation hazard for patients and medical personnel.This article compares the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted versus unassisted percutaneous sacroiliac screw placement for posterior pelvic ring fractures by meta-analysis. METHODS:Computer searches of CNKI,WanFang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were conducted from the time of database inception to December 2022.The literature on the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted versus freehand percutaneous sacroiliac screw placement in the treatment of posterior pelvic ring fractures was collected in and outside China.The data were independently screened and extracted by two investigators according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,respectively.The quality of randomized controlled trials was evaluated using Cochrane risk assessment criteria.The quality of included cohort studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software for inclusion metrics.Outcome metrics included operative time,intraoperative bleeding,fluoroscopy time,fluoroscopy frequency,number of holes drilled,Majeed postoperative function score,the excellent and good rates of Matta fracture reduction,the excellent and good rates of Gras screw position,fracture healing time and complications. RESULTS:(1)A total of 13 publications were included,2 were randomized controlled trials both referring to randomized methods,11 non-randomized controlled studies were evaluated for quality of literature according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,1 scored 8,9 scored 7;and 1 scored 6;the quality of literature was good.A total of 748 patients were included,including 430 in the robot-assisted group and 318 in the freehand group.(2)The results of the meta-analysis showed that the operative time(MD=-28.30,95%CI:-40.20 to-16.40),intraoperative bleeding(MD=-6.36,95%CI:-10.06 to-2.66),intraoperative fluoroscopy time(MD=-12.13,95%CI:-19.54 to-4.72),intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency(MD=-17.39,95%CI:-29.00 to-5.78),number of intraoperative needle drillings(SMD=-9.50,95%CI:-14.27 to-4.73)and the excellent and good rates of Gras screw position(OR=8.65,95%Cl:3.26-22.92)in the robot-assisted group were significantly better than those in the freehand group(P<0.05).(3)In the robot-assisted group,the overall postoperative complication rate was significantly reduced(OR=0.10,95%Cl:0.02-0.48,P<0.05).(4)No significant difference was detected in fracture healing time(MD=-0.08,95%CI:-0.21,0.06),the excellent and good rates of Matta fracture repositioning rate(OR=2.06,95%Cl:0.97-4.39),and Majeed functional score(MD=0.91,95%CI:-0.31-2.13)between both groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSION:Compared with freehand sacroiliac joint nailing,robotic assistance shortens the operative time,reduces intraoperative bleeding,decreases radiation damage to patients and medical staff,improves the excellent and good rate of screw position,and reduces the overall incidence of postoperative complications in patients,but there was no significant improvement in fracture reduction quality,fracture healing time,and postoperative function.In the future,more large-sample,multicenter,and high-quality randomized controlled trials are still needed to verify.