非结构蛋白5(NS5)作为黄病毒属中最保守的非结构蛋白,具有甲基转移酶活性和RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶活性,在病毒RNA复制过程中发挥着至关重要的作用.深入研究发现不同种黄病毒的NS5蛋白还能与宿主细胞的功能蛋白相互作用,通过不同的作用机制介导病毒的免疫逃逸.该文概述了NS5蛋白的结构、亚细胞定位及其功能,并阐述NS5蛋白在病毒复制及介导病毒免疫逃逸领域的机制研究以及靶向NS5蛋白的小分子抑制剂的研究进展.
The non-structural protein 5(NS5)is a highly conserved protein in the Flavivirus genus,acting as both a methyltransferase(MTase)and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp).It has been well documented that NS5 plays a crucial role in the replication of viral RNA.Recent studies have shown that NS5 proteins from different flaviviruses interact with various proteins in host cells,aiding the virus in evading the immune system.This review summarizes the structure,subcellular localization,and function of NS5 proteins.Additionally,we outline how flavivirus NS5 proteins contribute to viral replication and immune evasion.Lastly,we present the recent developments of specific small molecule inhibitors that target NS5 proteins.