白癜风是一种以色素脱失或减退斑为特征的常见皮肤病,其发病与自身免疫、氧化应激、代谢异常、遗传等因素密切相关.根据病程进展可分为进展期与稳定期,客观评定患者病情进展对治疗方案制定、疗效评估及预后评估至关重要.目前疾病分期主要通过主诊医师对患者进行白癜风疾病活动度(VIDA)评分,并结合同形反应等临床特征来评判,缺乏客观指标.随着对白癜风致病机制认识的深入及诊断工具的进步,发现了部分进展期白癜风临床诊断及生物标记物便于客观评估病情进展.本文从白癜风患者皮肤影像学表现等临床诊断标记及细胞因子、蛋白表达、小分子代谢物等生物标记物与白癜风的相关性进行综述,以便精确诊断白癜风并客观评定白癜风分期.
Vitiligo is a common skin disease characterized by depigmentation or hypopigmented spots,and its onset is closely related to factors such as autoimmunity,oxidative stress,metabolic abnormalities,and genetics.According to the progression of the disease,it can be divided into progressive stage and stable stage.It is crucial to assess the progression objectively of the disease for formulating treatment plans,and evaluating efficacy and prognosis.Currently,the disease staging is mainly evaluated by the attending physician based on vitiligo disease activity(VIDA)score and combined with clinical features such as isomorphic reactions,lacking objective indicators.With the in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of vitiligo and the advancement of diagnostic tools,several clinical diagnosis signs and biomarkers of progressive vitiligo have been discovered,which facilitate objective evaluation of disease progression.This article will review the correlation of clinical diagnostic markers such as skin imaging manifestations and biomarkers,such as cytokines,protein expression,and small molecule metabolites,with vitiligo in vitiligo patients,so as to accurately diagnose vitiligo and objectively assess vitiligo staging.