我国已开发高含水油田储量、产量分别占全国总量 70%以上,担负着保障国家能源安全和支撑经济高质量发展的重要使命.高含水油田大多处于高含水、高采出程度的"双高"阶段,面临着后备资源接替不足、大幅度提高采收率技术难以满足开发需求、成本高、效益低等难题.同时,国内油气资源仍有较大潜力,勘探开发理论和技术水平不断提升,油气需求持续旺盛.为了解决高含水油田未来发展战略问题,在分析我国高含水油田开发形势、面临挑战与机遇的基础上,建议从国家层面完善配套机制和政策体系,包括常规油气分类分阶段差异化财税政策、油气矿业权相关政策,持续开展重大关键技术攻关支持,争取低油价返还特别收益金政策等,以促进高含水油田高质量可持续发展.
The reserves and production of China's high water-cut oilfields account for more than 70 percent of the nation's total separately.This part of reserves and production are of great importance to securing the nation's energy supplies and maintaining the high-quality economic development.Most of the high water-cut oilfields are in their high water-cut and high-yield period.Therefore,they face a series of bottlenecks,such as inadequate resources for replacement,EOR technology difficult to satisfy the need for development,high cost and low efficiency.Meanwhile,the nation still has a great potential for oil and gas resources at home with the exploration and development theories and technologies improved continually.There is also an enduring and robust demand for oil and gas.To solve the strategic issues related to future development of the high water-cut oilfields,this article analyzes the situation of China's high water-cut oilfield development as well as the challenges and opportunities in this area.It is proposed that the relevant mechanisms and the system of policies should be perfected at the national level,including the differential financial and taxation policies on conventional oil and gas classification and different stages,the related policies on the oil and gas royalties,and the preferential policies on key technological research and the policies for refunding special benefits from low oil prices,aiming to promote sustainable and high-quality development of the high water-cut oilfields.