21世纪以来,多数经济合作与发展组织国家的相对代际教育、职业和收入流动性呈现不同程度的下降,这一趋势是高位发展后的自然下滑还是社会流动危机的开端,引发政策和学术界的高度关注.研究发现,代际社会流动的影响因素可归为微观、中观和宏观三个层面,而教育处于中心地位,通过多条直接和间接影响机制,起到关键的纽带作用.特定的公共政策和制度安排,可在一定程度上抵消与补偿个体家庭的社会经济地位劣势对教育选择偏好和投资的消极影响,进而影响代际职业和收入流动.经合组织国家促进代际社会流动的公共政策包括高等教育机会公平,高质量早教普及,晚分流、多样化的学校干预,教育支出等教育政策以及调节贫富差距的收入再分配政策.
Intergenerational mobility in education,occupation,and income has been declining in most Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)countries in the 21st century.They exhibited various extents of sticky floors at the bottom and sticky ceilings at the top,which caused serious concerns in the academic and policy arena.Theoretical and empirical research attributed this consequence to education,especially higher education,playing the pivotal role in connecting micro,middle,and macro levels of factors affecting intergenerational social mobility.Best practices of promoting intergenerational mobility ranged from ensuring equality of opportunities in higher education,universally free early intervention policies,late tracking policies,diversified school level interventions,to allocation of educational expenditures and income redistributive and support policies.