由于具有能量密度高、循环寿命长、质量轻、节能环保和自放电低等优点,锂离子电池近年来在交通工程、航空航天、新能源、机械工程等工业领域得到广泛应用.但锂离子电池在服役过程中不可避免会遭受机械滥用,引发电池内部短路,从而导致热失控,甚至发生着火和爆炸等灾难性后果.因此,亟需开展机械滥用下锂离子电池的力-电-热响应特性和安全性预测方面的研究.本文首先介绍锂离子电池的结构及工程应用,综述了各种机械滥用下锂离子电池力学性能的国内外研究现状,阐明了不同工况下锂离子电池的失效机理;其次,从耐撞性和安全风险预测的角度出发,对锂离子电池的耐撞性指标、安全性评估的研究现状进行了评述;最后,在机械滥用及多物理场耦合下以更全面的视角展望了锂离子电池的未来发展前景,可为锂离子电池多功能结构一体化设计提供一定的参考.
Due to the advantages of high energy density,long cycle life,light weight,energy saving and environmental protection,and low self-dis-charge,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have been widely used in transportation engineering,aerospace,new energy,mechanical engineering and other industrial fields in recent years.However,LIBs are inevitably subjected to collision accidents during service,which results in internal short circuits and further induces thermal runaway,and even causes the catastrophic consequences of fire and explosion.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the mechanical-electrical-thermal response characteristics and safety prediction of LIBs under mechanical abuse.Firstly,the internal structures and engineering application of LIBs in this paper are introduced.The mechanical properties of LIBs under various mechanical abuses at home and abroad are reviewed,and the failure mechanisms of LIBs under different working conditions are also clarified.Secondly,from the perspective of crashworthiness and safety risk prediction,the latest research progress in the crashworthiness index and safety evaluation of LIBs is summarized.Finally,the future development prospects of LIBs under mechanical abuse and multi-physics coupling are discussed.The purpose of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the integrated design of multi-functional structures of LIBs.