目的 分析孤立性小腿深静脉血栓形成(isolated calf deep vein thrombosis,ICDVT)住院患者的临床特征及危险因素.方法 回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院血管外科2015年收治的确诊为ICDVT住院患者的年龄、性别、发病部位、临床症状及危险因素. 结果 2015年共收治ICDVT住院患者122例,占下肢深静脉血栓形成(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)患者的25.7%.其中男性41例(33.6%);女性81例(66.4%).平均年龄(56.41±13.87)岁.左下肢49例,占比40.0%;右下肢39例,占比32.0%;双下肢34例,占比28.0%.肌间静脉丛血栓形成95例,占比77.9%.表现为疼痛76例,占62.3%;表现为肿胀91例,占74.6%.主要的危险因素包括年龄≥45岁(85.2%)、抗凝蛋白缺陷(83.0%)、外科手术(45.9%)及恶性肿瘤(28.7%)等.结论 疼痛及肿胀为ICDVT的主要临床表现.年龄(≥45岁)、抗凝蛋白缺陷、外科手术、恶性肿瘤等是ICDVT的主要危险因素.
Objective To analyze the clinical features and risk factors of isolated calf deep vein thrombosis (ICDVT).Methods Age,gender,locations,clinical symptoms,and risk factors of the hospitalized patients who diagnosed with ICDVT in the Department of Vascular Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 122 hospitalized ICDVT patients were enrolled,accounting for 25.7% of the patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis.Among them,41 cases (33.6%) were male,81 cases(66.4%) were female.The average age was 56.41 ±13.87 years.49 cases (40.0%) had left lower limb ICDVT,39 cases (32.0%) had right lower limb ICDVT;34 cases (28.0%) had both two lower limbs involved.Muscular calf vein thrombosis accounted for 77.9% (95 cases).76 cases (62.3%) were painful.91 cases (74.6%) had swelling.Common risk factors included age (≥ 45 years) (85.2%),deficiency of natural anticoagulants (83.0%),surgery (45.9%) and malignant tumors (28.7%).Conclusions Pain and swelling were the main clinical symptoms of ICDVT.Age ≥ 45 years,deficiency of natural anticoagulants,surgery,and malignancy were main risk factors of ICDVT.