中亚五国是推进"丝绸之路经济带"倡议的第一站,哈萨克斯坦是中国在中亚五国中贸易规模最大的贸易伙伴,以往学者更关注中哈双边贸易的发展情况,而从哈萨克斯坦的角度研究中国商品在哈萨克斯坦的贸易地位的文献相对较少.基于此,文章根据联合国贸易统计数据库(UNcomtrade)中1995-2022年的中哈贸易数据,运用贸易结合度指数、出口相似度指数、显示性比较优势指数、贸易互补性指数对中国在哈萨克斯坦贸易中的地位及面临的竞争进行系统性分析,发现中国在机械及运输设备、杂项制品等工业制成品上具有竞争优势,哈萨克斯坦在矿物燃料、润滑油及有关原料等资源类产品上具有竞争力;在中国出口到哈萨克斯坦的产品中,制成品的互补性大于初级产品,在哈萨克斯坦出口到中国的产品中,初级产品互补性大于制成品,且整体看,中哈商品贸易的互补性大于竞争性.双方基于自身优势产品有更为广阔的合作空间.因此建议中国提升产品竞争力,优化对哈萨克斯坦商品出口结构,并培育面向哈萨克斯坦市场的优质品牌,拓展中哈贸易领域,进一步促进中哈贸易便利化.
The five Central Asian countries are the first stop of the"Silk Road Economic Belt"initiative,and Kazakhstan is China's largest trading partner among the five Central Asian countries.In the past,scholars have paid more attention to the development of China-Kazakhstan bilateral trade,and there is relatively little research from Kazakhstan's perspective on the trade position of Chinese commodities in Kazakhstan.Based on this,according to the 1995-2022 China-Kazakhstan trade data in the United Nations Comtrade database(UNcomtrade),a systematic analysis of China's position in Kazakhstan's trade and the competition it faces was carried out by applying the Trade Integration Index,the Export Similarity Index,the Displayed Comparative Advantage Index,and the Trade Complementarities Index,It was found that China has competitive advantages in machinery and transportation equipment,miscellaneous products,and so on.It is found that China has competitive advantages in manufactured products such as machinery and transportation equipment,miscellaneous products,etc.,while Kazakhstan has competitiveness in resource products such as mineral fuels,lubricating oils and related raw materials;the complementarity of manufactured products is greater than that of primary products in China's exports to Kazakhstan,while the complementarity of primary products is greater than that of manufactured products in Kazakhstan's exports to China,and the complementarity of China-Kazakhstan merchandise trade is greater than the competition on the whole.Both sides have a broader space for cooperation based on their own advantageous products.Therefore it is recommended that China enhance the competitiveness of its products,optimise the structure of its merchandise exports to Kazakhstan,cultivate high-quality brands for the Kazakhstan market,expand the areas of China-Kazakhstan trade,and further promote China-Kazakhstan trade facilitation.