外泌体为大小在30~100 nm之间,是由分泌前细胞内的多泡体反向出芽而产生的纳米级囊泡.从功能上看,外泌体能够封装和传送各种生物活性分子并释放到细胞外空间,通过细胞间通讯从而影响邻近及远处的细胞功能.不仅如此,外泌体组成成分和生物含量也会随之变化,因此其还可作为细胞功能变化或疾病的指示子.近年多项研究表明,外泌体在心血管疾病的发生发展过程中发挥着重要的作用,因此可能成为心血管疾病诊断和治疗的重要切入点.本文将从外泌体的产生和对心血管疾病诊断及治疗的潜力等方面进行综述.
The exosomes are nanoscale vesicles with a size of 30-100 nm, which are produced by the reverse budding of multivesia in a pre-secretory cell. Functionally, exosomes can encapsulate and deliver a variety of bioactive molecules and release them into the extracellular space, participating the communication between cells, thereby affecting the function of nearby and distant cells. Moreover, composition and biological content of exosomes can also be changed with physiological condition, which could be used as indicators of cell function changes and even diseases. At present, research focusing on exosomes is one of the hottest spots in the fields of biomedicine. Recently, a number of studies have shown that exosomes play an important role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases and may therefore become an important entry point for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the production of exosomes and discussed the potential employment in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.