螺栓连接结构在工程领域中应用广泛,比如:土木、机械、航空航天领域.然而螺栓连接结构在实际工况下,承受交变载荷,难免会发生松动、折断等一系列故障,造成巨大的经济损失,甚至会造成人员伤亡.因此,针对螺栓连接结构的松动检测与状态监测开展实验研究是十分必要的,有大量学者对此进行了研究,采用不同的方法,搭建了不同功能、类型的实验台,这里就典型的螺栓松动故障监测实验研究进行综述,系统介绍了基于导波技术、振动技术、压电阻抗技术以及一些其他技术的螺栓松动故障监测实验研究,并且对所采用的实验台进行了归纳总结.最后,给出了实验研究方向与技术的一些展望.这里将为螺栓松动监测的实验研究提供参考,并进一步促进理论研究在工程实际中的应用.
Bolt connected structures are widely used in engineering fields,such as civil engineering,mechanical engineering and aerospace.However,under the actual working condition,the bolt connection structure bears the alternating load,which inevita-bly leads to a series of failures such as loosening and breaking,resulting in huge economic losses,and even casualties.Therefore,it is very necessary to detect the looseness and monitor the state of bolt connection structure by experimental research.A large num-ber of scholars have studied and built experimental platforms with different function and type of by different methods.In this pa-per,the typical experimental research on bolt looseness fault monitoring is summarized,and the guided wave technology,vibra-tion technology,piezoelectric impedance technology and some other technologies are systematically introduced.The experimental research of bolt looseness monitoring based on the technology is summarized.Finally,some prospects of experimental research and technology are given.It will provide a reference for the experimental study of bolt loosening monitoring,and further promote the application of theoretical research in engineering practice.