目的 分析滇西地区室内鼠形动物体表寄生蚤丰盛度的影响因素.方法 选取滇西地区10个县(市)40个自然村的800户家庭作为调查单位.每户在室内布放5个鼠笼连续3晚,捕获的鼠形动物用梳检法收集体表寄生蚤并在显微镜下分类鉴定.通过调查家庭成员和实地观察相结合的方式收集潜在影响鼠形动物寄生蚤丰盛度的因素,潜在影响因素包括社会经济、家庭周围环境(如房屋结构)、人为干扰因素(如养猫)、鼠形动物种类及其特征等.采用Epi Data 3.02软件建立数据库,在R软件下使用跨栏负二项分布回归分析鼠形动物寄生蚤丰盛度的影响因素.结果 从捕获的421只鼠形动物检获寄生蚤5种992匹,以印鼠客蚤和缓慢细蚤为主(91.03%,903/992).回归分析显示:具有砖混结构房屋的家庭,鼠形动物染蚤概率增加1.38倍,而染蚤数量却减少了63%;养猫的家庭,鼠形动物染蚤数量减少了66%;室内捕获黄胸鼠的家庭,鼠形动物染蚤概率增加172.16倍,但数量并没有增加.结论 滇西地区室内鼠形动物寄生蚤以印鼠客蚤和缓慢细蚤为优势蚤种.鼠形动物寄生蚤丰盛度与鼠种、家庭周围环境及人为干扰因素密切相关.
Objective To analyze the predictors of the abundance of small mammals' parasitic fleas in households of Western Yunnan Province.Methods Eight hundred households of 40 natural villages from 10 counties in Western Yunnan Province were selected as study objects.Five live-traps were placed in each household for 3 continuous nights.The parasitic fleas of small mammals were collected by comb method and identified under a microscope.Potential predictors (including social economy,ecological environment (like building structure),human intervention (like keep a cat),the species of small mammals,the characteristics of small mammals,etc.) of the abundance of parasitic fleas were collected through face to face interview and observation.A data set was established using Epi Data 3.02.The relationship between the abundance of parasitic fleas and the potential predictors was explored using hurdle negative binomial regression model under R software.Results A total of 992 parasitic fleas (including 5 species) were collected from 421 small mammals.The number of Leptopsylla segnis and Xenopsylla cheopis accounted for 91.03% (903/992).The following predictors were confirmed by the hurdle negative binomial regression model:the probability of parasitic fleas in households with brick concrete structure increased by about 1.38 times,while the number of parasitic fleas decreased by 63%;the number of parasitic fleas in cats of households was decreased by 66%;the probability of parasitic fleas in households with captured Rattus tanezumi increased by 172.16 times.Conclusions Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis are predominant species.The abundance of parasitic fleas is closely related to small mammals' species,surroundings around household and human intervention.