本文基于Cai et al.(2020)建立的云水资源诊断评估方案(CWR-DQ),首先利用2000~2019年NCEP大气再分析资料和卫星资料诊断得到中国地区1°×1°分辨率的三维云场分布产品,进而结合Global Precipitation Climatology Project(GPCP)降水产品,实现了近20年中国地区1°×1°网格的云水资源评估计算.通过对区域边界的处理,进一步得到中国及六个人工影响天气分区的云水资源及其相关组成量和特征量的逐月和逐年评估结果,并讨论分析了不同区域的云水资源特性.主要结论如下:(1)近20年,参与中国大陆地区大气水循环过程的大气水凝物年总量和水汽总量的多年平均值分别约838.1 mm和3835.9 mm,扣除年降水量(约661.7 mm)后,我国大陆空中云水资源年总量约176.4 mm.(2)中国六个人工影响天气分区中,东南区域云凝结量和地面降水量最多,大气水凝物总量和云水资源量最为丰沛;西北区域年降水量、大气水凝物总量和云水资源量均为最少.(3)中国及不同分区的降水量、云凝结量和大气水凝物总量的逐月和年际变化趋势一致;水凝物输入量和云水资源的演变特征一致.(4)华北、西北和东北区域的春、秋季降水效率不高(20%?60%),更新期较长(5?25 h),大气水凝物总量较高,除了自然降水外,通过人工增雨开发云水资源的潜力较大;中部区域春、秋和冬季的云水资源特性均适合开展人工增雨作业;东南和西南区域夏季降水量多,云系降水效率高,需避免云水资源开发造成洪涝灾害.(5)不同空间尺度的云水资源特性有显著差异.
By using the diagnostic quantification method for cloud water resource (CWR), the three-dimensional (3D) cloud fields of 1° × 1° resolution during 2000–2019 in China are firstly obtained based on the NCEP reanalysis data and re- lated satellite data. Then, combined with the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) products, a 1° × 1° gridded CWR dataset of China in recent 20 years is established. On this basis, the monthly and annual CWR and re- lated variables in China and its six weather modification operation sub-regions are obtained, and the CWR character- istics in different regions are analyzed finally. The results show that in the past 20 years, the annual total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors (GMh) and water vapor (GMv) in the Chinese mainland are about 838.1 and 3835.9 mm, respectively. After deducting the annual mean precipitation of China (Ps, 661.7 mm), the annual CWR is about 176.4 mm. Among the six sub-regions, the southeast region has the largest amount of cloud condensation (Cvh) and precip- itation, leading to the largest GMh and CWR there. In contrast, the annual Ps, GMh, and CWR are all the least in the northwest region. Furthermore, the monthly and interannual variation trends of Ps, Cvh, and GMh in different regions are identical, and the evolution characteristics of CWR are also consistent with the hydrometeor inflow (Qhi). For the north, northwest, and northeast regions, in spring and autumn the precipitation efficiency of hydrometeors (PEh) is not high (20%–60%), the renewal time of hydrometeors (RTh) is relatively long (5–25 h), and GMh is relatively high. Therefore, there is great potential for the development of CWR through artificial precipitation enhancement (APE). For the central region, spring, autumn, and winter are suitable seasons for CWR development. For the southeast and southwest regions, Ps and PEh in summer are so high that the development of CWR should be avoided. For different spatial scales, there are significant differences in the characteristics of CWR.