目的 深入了解青少年神经性厌食患者父母在照护过程中的体验,为制订针对性干预措施提供参考.方法 2022年9-11月,采用目的抽样法,选取14名青少年神经性厌食患者的父母进行半结构式访谈,运用Colaizzi七步分析法提炼主题.结果 青少年神经性厌食患者父母的主要照护体验可归纳为以下4个主题:负性体验(对疾病缺乏认知、患者低体重带来的冲击与内疚、食物背后的病态亲子关系、病耻感体验、对疾病预后的担忧)、照顾负担(进餐方式及习惯改变、经济负担加重)、积极体验(支持与被支持、照护信念增强、个人成长与蜕变)以及渴望全方位的支持(持续的专业照护支持、更多社会关注).结论 医护人员应重视疾病照护知识、技能及亲子互动模式等多方面的指导和支持,同时联合积极心理干预,以有效减轻青少年神经性厌食患者父母的负性体验,促进患者更快、更好地康复.
Objective To understand the care experience of parents of adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa,aiming to provide a reference for developing targeted interventions.Methods From September to November 2022,the parents of 14 adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa were selected by purposive sampling to receive semi-structured interviews.Relevant themes were refined from their interview data using Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method.Results The main experiences of parents when caring for adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa were refined into the following four themes:negative experience(lack of awareness of the disease;emotional impact and guilt associated with patients'low weight;distorted parent-child relationship behind anorexia;stigma encountered;concern for disease prognosis),care burden(changes in eating habits and customs;increased economic burden),positive experience(mutual support;reinforcement of care beliefs;personal growth and transformation),and desire for all-round support(ongoing professional care assistance;greater societal attention).Conclusion Healthcare providers should offer guidance and support to parents,encompassing knowledge of care,skills of care and parent-child interaction strategies,and supplement with positive psychological interventions.In this way,healthcare providers can alleviate the negative experiences of parents of adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and facilitate faster and more favorable prognosis in patients.