我国中小河流众多,流域面积覆盖了全国85%的城镇及广大农村地区,是区域生产生活用水的主要来源和污染负荷排放的接纳者.开展中小河流水质综合评价对于客观、准确地评价水环境质量状况,制订水污染防治整体规划具有重要意义.以黄河流域河南省2条典型中小河流为研究对象,在识别河流水污染状况的基础上,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、水质标识指数法和模糊综合评价4种方法对水质现状进行了综合评价,探讨了不同方法在中小河流水质评价中的适用性.结果表明:2条中小河流主要污染指标为NH3-N、挥发酚及TP;水质标识指数法的评价结果与可靠性分析中的水质评价结果一致性最高,该方法得到的水质类别结果更加可靠.
There are many small and medium-sized rivers in China,and the drainage area covers 85%of the towns and vast rural areas of the country.They play critical roles as both water resources for human uses and receiving water bodies for wastewater discharge.The water quality evaluations of the small and medium-sized rivers can assist assessing water environ-ment quality and developing water pollution prevention and control action plans.In this study,two typical small and medium-sized rivers in Henan Province within the Yellow River Basin were investigated through four evaluation methods:single factor e-valuation,comprehensive pollution index,water quality identification index and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.The feasibility of these four methods in water quality evaluation was also discussed.The physicochemical indices monitored in these two rivers revealed that the contents of those indicators of NH3-N,volatile phenol,and TP were accumulated significantly.The evaluation results of water quality identification index method are the most consistent with the results of water quality evaluation in relia-bility analysis,and the results of water quality category obtained by this method are more reliable.