在废水处理中,传统生物脱氮工艺主要依赖于活性污泥,为控制和优化其种群规模、保证活性.将微生物封装在可渗透基质中可防止细胞的冲洗,保留特定微生物群体,以提高生物脱氮过程的效率和稳定性.目前,该封装技术已发展成熟,在废水处理条件下,通过对不同封装材料的稳定性、渗透性和可持续性中关键微生物的动力学和化学计量参数进行比较发现,氨氧化古生菌、氨氧化菌、异养硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌等微生物组均具有较好的封装应用潜力;并对生物脱氮封装技术的研究进行汇总和展望,该理论成果也可扩展到其他涉及微生物固定的处理过程.
In wastewater treatment,the traditional biological nitrogen removal process mainly relies on activated sludge to control and optimize its population size and ensure its activity.Encapsulating microorganisms in a permeable matrix prevents cell flushing and preserves specific microbial populations to improve the efficiency and stability of the biological nitrogen removal process.The encapsulating technology has been developed to some extent.Under the condition of wastewater treatment,the kinetics and stoichiometric parameters of key microorganisms in the stability,permeability and sustainability of different encapsulating materials were compared,and it was found that the microbiomes such as ammonia-oxidizing archaea,ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria had good encapsulating application potential.The research of bio-denitrification encapsulation technology is summarized and prospected.The theoretical results can also be extended to other processing processes involving microbial immobilization.