[目的]揭示柿子树与苹果树间作体系下,苹果根际土壤的微生物群落结构和理化性质.[方法]以间作(I)和非间作(NI)的苹果根际土壤为材料,采用高通量测序技术,对苹果根际土壤微生物群落结构进行分析.[结果]间作柿子树增加了苹果根际土壤有机质(OM)、水解性氮(AN)、全磷(TP)含量,降低了土壤中有效钾(AK)含量.Alpha多样性分析表明,间作对苹果根际土壤细菌丰富度指数和多样性指数无显著影响,但显著降低了根际土壤真菌的Ace指数(P=0.03).β多样性分析表明,间作和非间作土壤细菌和真菌群落结构都存在显著差异.LEfSe分析发现,间作显著增加苹果根际土壤中17个细菌属丰度,分别为Sporaceti-genium、Tepidisphaera、Agromyces、Alkanindiges、Phycisphaera、假黄色单胞菌属(Pseudoxanthomonas)、Terrimonas、Pseudohaliea、Paenispo-rosarcina 9个已知属,8个未知属;显著降低4个细菌属丰度,分别为Sporichthya、Methylocystis、Devosia、Altererythrobacter.间作显著增加1个真菌属丰度,为Arthrographis;降低3个真菌属丰度,分别为柱孢属(Cylindrocarpon)、Metacordyceps、外瓶霉属(Exophiala).Spearman相关性分析表明,根际细菌属Pseudomonas与有效磷(AP)、全磷(TP)呈显著正相关,真菌属Naganishia与有效磷(AP)呈显著正相关;真菌属Polyscytalum、Minimedusa与有效磷(AP)呈显著负相关.PICRUSt2结果显示,间作显著降低了根际细菌碳水化合物运输和代谢以及胞外结构两大类功能丰度;FUNGuild功能分析显示,间作显著降低了病原-腐生过渡型真菌在苹果根际土壤的丰度.[结论]苹果与柿子树间作可提高苹果根际土壤OM、AN、TP含量,显著增加根际有益微生物的相对丰度,减少病原真菌微生物的相对丰度,为探讨间作抗病机理提供数据参考.
[Objective]The study aimed to reveal the microbial community structure and soil physicochemical properties of apple rhizosphere under the intercropping system of persimmon and apple trees.[Method]In the study,rhizosphere soil of intercropping(I)and non-inter-cropping(NI)apples were used as materials to analyze the rhizosphere microbial community structure by high-throughput sequencing tech-nology.[Result]Intercropping of persimmon significantly increased the contents of organic matter(OM),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),decreased the contents of available potassium(AK)in apple rhizosphere soil.The Alpha diversity analysis showed that in-tercropping had no significant effect on the bacterial richness index and diversity index of apple rhizosphere soil,whereas significantly re-duced the Ace index of rhizosphere soil fungi(P=0.03).β diversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in bacterial and fungal community structure between intercropped and non-intercropped soils.Further LEfSe analysis showed that intercropping significantly increased the abundance of 17 bacterial genera in apple rhizosphere soil,of which,9 were known genera,and 8 were unknown genera.These nine known genera included Sporacetigenium,Tepidisphaera,Agromyces,Alkanindiges,Phycisphaera,Pseudoxanthomonas,Terri-monas,Pseudohaliea,Paenisporosarcina;The abundances of four bacterial genera,namely Sporichthya,Methylocystis,Devosia and Alter-erythrobacter were significantly decreased.Intercropping significantly increased the abundance of 1 fungal genus Arthrographis and decreased the abundance of 3 fungal genera,namely Cylindrocarpon,Metacordyceps and Exophiala.Spearman's correlation analysis showed that Pseud-omonas was positively correlated with available phosphorus(AP)and TP,while Naganishia was positively correlated with AP.The fungal genera Polyscytalum and Minimedusa showed a significant negative correlation with AP.PICRUSt2 functional prediction analysis showed that intercropping significantly decreased the abundance of carbohydrate transport and metabolism,and extracellular structure in rhizosphere bac-teria.FUNGuild analysis showed that intercropping significantly reduced the abundance of pathogen-saprophytic transitional fungi in apple rhizosphere soil.[Conclusion]Intercropping of apple and persimmon trees can increase the contents of OM,AN,TP in apple rhizosphere soil,significantly increase the relative abundance of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms,and reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi microorganisms,which will provide data reference for exploring the mechanism of intercropping disease resistance.