The present study was conducted to determine the role of guava fruit volatiles in attraction, oviposition and associated fitness parameters of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata Saunders, which is a key pest of guava and many other fruits. B. zonata female flies’ attraction was observed in a Y-tube olfactometer using fruits of three locally grown guava varieties; Gola, Larkana Small Surahi (LSS) and Larkana Large Surahi (LLS). Female flies showed significantly higher levels of attraction to both un-infested and infested guava fruit odors compared to control (blank). In pairwise comparisons between different fruit varieties, females B. zonata showed significantly greater levels of attraction towards un-infested Gola compared to un-infested LSS, while in the case of the same variety, significantly higher number of flies were attracted to un-infested compared to infested fruit in all three tested varieties. In two-choice oviposition bioassays, B. zonata females made significantly more visits, greater numbers of ovipositions, spent a significantly longer time, and larger numbers of pupae and adults developed on Gola fruits compared to LSS fruits. However, in no-choice bioassays, females made more visits and spent a significantly greater amount of time on LSS compared to Gola and LLS. GC–MS analysis of guava headspace revealed presence of aliphatic and aromatic esters as a dominant group of compounds in both un-infested and fruit-fly-infested guava fruits, with a higher quantity mostly occurring in fruit-fly-infested fruits. Role of guava volatiles is discussed in an ecological context of attraction and oviposition behaviors of adult females and fitness of their offspring.