Despite the progress that has been made in the use of human adult stem cells for medical therapy, scientists continue to view human embryonic stem cells with their pluripotent ability as the real future of stem cell therapy. However, because it requires the destruction of living embryos, human embryonic stem cell research is beset by ethical controversy. This has led some scientists to search for alternative methods of obtaining pluripotent stem cells. Two such alternatives are considered here: altered nuclear transfer [ANT], including ANT with oocyte-assisted reprogramming [ANT-OAR], and the production of human-animal chimeras. Supporters argue that ANT and ANT-OAR do not produce actual human embryos, so their use to derive pluripotent stem cells would be ethically permissible. But counter to this, it is argued that ANT and ANT-OAR would still produce a human embryo—albeit, a damaged or handicapped one. And so, the ethical controversy remains. In regards to human-animal chimeras, there is a general acceptance of their use provided researchers are careful not to produce an actual human, or otherwise rational, organism. But it is questioned here whether chimerism is an appropriate use of human tissue, regardless of the purpose. The ethical discussion of these alternatives, and other forms of human tissue research in general, is then framed within a unique approach to human dignity developed by the author. The chapter concludes with a discussion about finding a better way to proceed towards improving human health and well-being.