Additional file 1: Section S1. The preparation of demineralized dentin disks, dentin samples for TEM and nanoindentation test, the mineralizing film samples for cryo-TEM, The preparation of Cell isolation and culture of L929 and human gingival fibroblasts for CCK-8. The preparation of buccal mucosa samples for microscopic histological observations; The preparation of transparent custom trays; the swelling experiments. Table S1. Grading system for oral and penile reactions. Table S2. Grading system for microscopic examination for oral, penile, rectal and vaginal tissue reaction. Figure S1 The photos of the mineralizing film in artificial saliva for 0, 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h at 37 ��C. Figure S2. The splitting function (SF) of PAsp-ACP nanoparticles and the mineralizing film. Figure S3. The results of the histologic examination. Figure S4. TEM images of demineralized dentin (control group). Figure S5. TEM images of demineralized dentin treated with HPMC film (control group). Figure S6. TEM images of the demineralized dentin of rabbits treated with mineralizing film (control group). Figure S7. FTIR spectra of pure PAsp, PAsp-ACP, the pure HPMC film, the HPMC-PAsp-ACP film, a HPMC-CaCl2 film and a HPMC- Na2HPO4 film. Figure S8 SEM images of HPMC gel and swelling ratios of HPMC and the mineralizing film. Figure S9. FTIR spectra of ACP in different systems.