Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is recommended in patients (pts) with stages IB (tumour of ≥4 cm in diameter), IIA, IIB, and IIIA of NSCLC after complete resection. Uptake of AC in routine practice is influenced by different factors. Methods: Study of AC uptake and survival in pts with NSCLC from a defined region was conducted. Regimens of platinum with vinorelbine, gemcitabine or paclitaxel were used. Vinorelbine was applied intravenously (25 mg/m2) or orally (60-80 mg/m2).Median of follow up was 3.1 years (6.2 years in censored pts). Results: Out of all 1557 pts with lung cancer, 226 pts were pts with NSCLC after complete resection and stages IB, II and IIIA. AC was applied in 183 pts (80.1%), AC was not applied due to worse PS, comorbidities, complications after surgery or patient´s refusal. The mean age of pts with AC was 65 years, 66,7% were men, 48,9 % women, 49,9 % were current smokers, 40,0% ex-smokers and 10,1 % non-smokers. Age, sex and smoking habits were not statistically different between pts with and without AC. 82% of pts accomplished four cycles of AC. Median of overall survival was longer in pts with AC than without it (3.73 vs 1.95 year). Those with vinorelbine with cisplatin had the longest suvival off all subgroups. Conclusions: The optimal uptake of AC and survival of pts in routine practice is influenced by the intensive communication between patients, surgeons and pneumoocologists. The individual decision is important in a context to the patients´ health status, tumour parameters and the potential risk/ benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. Study was supported by grant AZV 16-32318A