To determine the clinical efficacy of posterior intervertebral surgery for single-segment thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis. Methods: Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 62 patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis who underwent posterior intervertebral surgery (A group) or posterior and anterior combined intervertebral surgery (B group) from January 2010 to January 2015 in Department of Spinal Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University. The operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, neurological function, VAS score, vertebral Cobb angle, bone healing, and postoperative complications were compared between the 2 groups. Results: All patients were followed up for 10 to 30 (average 22) months after the operation. In the A group, operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay were less than those in the B group (P0.05). In the follow-up, the pain of patients was alleviated and nervous function was improved obviously in the 2 groups compared with pre-operation. The ESR and CRP at the 6 months after operation returned to the normal range in patients of the 2 groups. There were significant differences in the ESR and CRP among the pre-operation, the 6 months after operation, and the end of follow-up within the group (P0.05), while there were no significant differences in ESR and CRP between the 6 months after operation and the end of follow-up (P0.05). There were no significant differences in the ESR and CRP among the pre-operation, the 6 months after operation, and the end of follow-up in the 2 group (P0.05). The Cobb angles after the operation and the end of follow-up were significanthy smaller than those before the operation (P0.01), while there were no significant differences in Cobb angle before operation, after the operation, and the end of follow-up between the 2 groups (P0.05). There were no significant differences in the bone healing rate at 6 months or 1 year after operation between the A group and B group (P0.05) and the complication rate of the A group was lower than the B group (P0.01). Conclusion: Clinical efficacy of posterior intervertebral surgery is satisfatory in treating single-segment thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis with less complications.目的:探讨后路病椎间手术治疗胸、腰椎单节段脊柱结核的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年1月宁夏医科大学总医院收治的胸、腰椎单节段脊柱结核患者62例的临床资料,根据手术入路方法不同,分为后路病椎间手术组和前后路联合病椎间手术组。对比分析两组的手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、神经功能改善情况、视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分、病变椎体Cobb角、植骨愈合情况及术后并发症。结果:62例患者均获随访,随访时间10~30(平均22)个月。后路病椎间手术组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数均短于或小于前后路联合病椎间手术组(P0.05)。两组随访过程中疼痛均较术前明显改善,末次随访时神经功能明显恢复。两组术后6个月ESR和CRP均降至正常范围,组内术前与术后6个月、末次随访的ESR和CRP比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但术后6个月与末次随访的ESR和CRP间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);组间术前、术后6个月、末次随访的ESR和CRP差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者组内术后和末次随访的Cobb角均较术前减小(P0.01),组间术后、末次随访的Cobb角之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),两组Cobb角矫正率、角度丢失之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。后路病椎间手术组和前后路联合病椎间手术组患者术后6个月植骨愈合率和术后1年的植骨愈合率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。后路病椎间手术组并发症发生率明显小于前后路联合病椎间手术组(P0.01)。结论:后路病椎间手术治疗胸、腰椎单节段脊柱结核的临床疗效满意且并发症少。.