The clinical utility of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer
- Resource Type
- Authors
- Rui Zhang; Zhenli Diao; Yuqing Chen; Jinming Li; Yanxi Han
- Source
- Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. 157
- Subject
- 0301 basic medicine
Oncology
congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities
medicine.medical_specialty
Colorectal cancer
medicine.medical_treatment
DNA Mismatch Repair
03 medical and health sciences
Tumour tissue
0302 clinical medicine
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
neoplasms
business.industry
nutritional and metabolic diseases
Microsatellite instability
Cancer
Hematology
Immunotherapy
medicine.disease
Prognosis
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis
digestive system diseases
Lynch syndrome
030104 developmental biology
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Microsatellite
Biomarker (medicine)
Microsatellite Instability
business
Colorectal Neoplasms
Microsatellite Repeats
- Language
- ISSN
- 1879-0461
Microsatellite instability (MSI) became the spotlight after the US FDA' s approval of MSI as an indication of immunotherapy for cancer patients. Immunohistochemical detection of loss of MMR proteins and PCR amplification of specific microsatellite repeats are widely used in clinical practice. Next-generation sequencing is a promising tool for identifying MSI patients. Circulating tumour DNA provides a convenient alternative when tumour tissue is unavailable. MSI detection is an effective tool to screen for Lynch syndrome. Early-stage CRC patients with MSI generally have a better prognosis and a reduced response to chemotherapy; instead, they are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. In this review, we aimed to assess the clinical utility of MSI as a biomarker in CRC. We will provide an overview of the available methods for evaluation of the analytical validity of MSI detection and elaborate the evidence on the clinical validity of MSI in the management of CRC patients.