Enhanced removal of lead from contaminated soil by polyol-based deep eutectic solvents and saponin
- Resource Type
- Authors
- Soumyadeep Mukhopadhyay; Mohd Ali Hashim; Bhaskar Sen Gupta; Maan Hayyan; Sumona Mukherjee; Adeeb Hayyan
- Source
- Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. 194:17-23
- Subject
- Glycerol
Ethylene Glycol
Inorganic chemistry
Salt (chemistry)
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
Choline
Soil
Surface-Active Agents
chemistry.chemical_compound
Pulmonary surfactant
Polyol
Soil Pollutants
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Restoration and Remediation
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Water Science and Technology
chemistry.chemical_classification
Saponins
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Soil contamination
Lead
chemistry
Ionic liquid
Solvents
0210 nano-technology
Ethylene glycol
Choline chloride
Nuclear chemistry
- Language
- ISSN
- 0169-7722
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of green solvents analogous to ionic liquids, but less costly and easier to prepare. The objective of this study is to remove lead (Pb) from a contaminated soil by using polyol based DESs mixed with a natural surfactant saponin for the first time. The DESs used in this study were prepared by mixing a quaternary ammonium salt choline chloride with polyols e.g. glycerol and ethylene glycol. A natural surfactant saponin obtained from soapnut fruit pericarp, was mixed with DESs to boost their efficiency. The DESs on their own did not perform satisfactory due to higher pH; however, they improved the performance of soapnut by up to 100%. Pb removal from contaminated soil using mixture of 40% DES-Gly and 1% saponin and mixture of 10% DES-Gly and 2% saponin were above 72% XRD and SEM studies did not detect any major corrosion in the soil texture. The environmental friendliness of both DESs and saponin and their affordable costs merit thorough investigation of their potential as soil washing agents.