Efficacy of Lofexidine in the Outpatient Management of Tramadol Withdrawal Syndrome
- Resource Type
- Authors
- Solmaz Nekoueifard; Mohammad Majidi
- Source
- International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 4, Pp 10-4 (2020)
- Subject
- tramadol
lcsh:R5-920
business.industry
Analgesic
Central nervous system
substance
Toxicology
gamma-Aminobutyric acid
Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Norepinephrine (medication)
medicine.anatomical_structure
Opioid
lofexidine
lcsh:RA1190-1270
Anesthesia
Lofexidine
medicine
Tramadol
Serotonin
lcsh:Medicine (General)
business
withdrawal syndrome
lcsh:Toxicology. Poisons
medicine.drug
- Language
- ISSN
- 2251-8770
2251-8762
Tramadol is recognized as an opioid with non-opiate properties. It has a low affinity for opioid receptors and prevents reabsorption of norepinephrine and serotonin at synapses. It also increases the level of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in the central nervous system [1, 2]. Tramadol is an analgesic for patients suffering from moderate to severe pain [1]. In addition, previous studies have shown that tramadol abuse and suicidal attempts have increased in Iran [3, 4].