Neurotechnology has experienced rapid growth and progress, and this could be attributed to the advances in the fundamental understanding of human brain activity, coupled with access to high technology. Additionally, it is a “dual use” technology as it has immense medical applications that could benefit the public and could also pose significant threat to the public safety and health. As the nature how wars are being fought change, neurotechnology can be used in military and counterintelligence applications, thus benefiting both the civilian and the military realm. Using three emerging neurotechnologies as case studies, this chapter addresses the potential medical and military applications of these technologies, while speculating on potential misuses. The possibility of exploiting neurotechnology by various actors for nefarious purposes is analyzed, along with hypothesizing the current, near, and far future use of neurotechnology in different environments.