Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) affects immunocompromised patients with incidence ranging from 2.6% to 11.6%. The pathogenesis of NE is poorly understood. The recommended treatment is highly controversial, with some suggesting supportive care and others advocating surgery. The present study intended to characterize the outcome, prognostic factors and indications of surgery among those patients PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retropective cohort observational study conducted during January 2019–2022 on patients aged 10 mm was associated with higher mortality in the whole (p = 0.001) and conservative groups (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Most patients with NE respond to conservative management. Deterioration in maximum supportive care is the most common indication for surgery. positive blood culture, multifocal distribution, vasopressors and bowel wall thickness of >10 mm were associated with higher mortality.