American Shad Alosa sapidissima has been targeted for restoration to the upper Susquehanna River and entrainment losses at hydro facilities including the Muddy Run Pumped Storage Facility on the river is of concern for the potential growth of shad population. Based on the integration of pumping volume, time of entrainment, and literature reported diel emigration of juvenile shad the entrainment rate (N = 145; 53 exposed to pumping) was estimated at 3.5%. The entrainment rate for adults (N = 507) was estimated at 0.3–3.9%. Using multi-state mark–recapture models, the estimated entrainment probabilities (Ψ) of radio tagged juvenile were higher during periods of extended pumping (>1 h; Ψ = 0.093; CI = 0.054–0.156) than at periods of no and short-duration pumping (< 1 h;Ψ