Background: Three-dimensional (3D) engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) are a robust platform technology to investigate cardiovascular (CV) cell function and provide an excellent microenvironment for tissue implantation and cardiac repair. We generated 3D ECTs using cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular mural cells (MCs) efficiently differentiated from human iPS cells (hiPSCs). Methods & Results: We employed 3 different monolayer culture-based differentiation protocols: 1) CM+EC protocol: mesoderm induction followed by VEGF (mes+VEGF) produced a distribution of 61.8±8.0% cTnT + -CMs, 19.4±9.1% VE-cadherin + -ECs, and 1.7±2.0% PDGFRβ + -MCs, (n=26, day15); 2) CM+MC protocol: mes+Dkk1 to induce CMs and MCs; and 3) MC protocol: exclusive induction of MCs. We collected the cells on differentiation day 15 and mixed them to generate 3 classes of ECTs composed of different CV cell population patterns: 1). CM+EC; 2). CM+MC, and 3). CM+EC+MC. We seeded the each cell mixture in a collagen/Matrigel mixture to form spontaneously beating ECTs. In vitro force measurement analysis showed that CM+EC+MC ECTs possessed the highest maximum capture rate (4.6±0.6 Hz, Pin vitro culture. These results indicate that incorporation of vascular cells accelerated tissue structural maturation. Next CM+EC+MC ECTs were implanted onto infarcted athymic rat hearts. Echocardiogram revealed a significantly higher cardiac output at 4 weeks after implantation compared to that of sham-operated rats (137±23 vs 95±23 mL/min, P Conclusion: HiPSC-derived ECTs including vascular cells showed novel properties relevant for clinical translation.