Additional file 1:Fig. S1. Determination of the expression of desAB in the wild-type strain EC1, ∆zmsA, and ∆zmsK. Fig. S2. DzrR was not involved in zeamine production and could not be stimulated by zeamines. Fig. S3. Regulatory role of DzrR is likely independent on protein phosphorylation. Fig. S4. Alanine scanning mutagenesis analysis for detection of the key amino acid residues required for the DzrR function at the background of ∆zmsA∆dzrR. Fig. S5. Alanine scanning mutagenesis analysis for detection of the key amino acid residues required for the DzrR function at the background of ∆dzrR. Fig. S6. Structures of the chemical compounds used in this study to test the signaling activity of DzrR in D. oryzae. Fig. S7. Phylogenic relationship of DzrR and its homologs. Fig. S8. Genetic arrangement of dzrR homologs and desABC operons in Burkholderia strains. Fig. S9. Characteristics of the 5′-noncoding regions of desAB in Dickeya, Ralstonia, and Burkholderia strains. Fig. S10. Full images for the cropped regions displayed in main figures and the confirmation of protein purity.