Aims This study aimed to construct a set of course training system which was scientific, authentic and comprehensive to foster the infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence. Background Nowadays, with the further spread of infectious diseases, it puts forward higher requirements for the improvement of the ability and quality of nurses, especially infectious disease specialist nurses. It is an urgent task to standardize and improve the core competence of infectious disease specialist nurses. There was no course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence. Design: A two-round Delphi consultation survey were carried out to get feedback from experts on constructing the course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence. Methods This study adopted a series of methods including group discussion, theoretical analysis and Delphi consultation to draft the course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence. 21 Chinese experts from the fields of infectious disease health care, infectious disease nursing, and infectious disease nursing education were invited to participate in the Delphi consultation between November 2021 and December 2021. Results The experts were highly motivated in this study and they were regarded as leading authority on the subject. Besides, they reached a consensus on the results. The final course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence focused on 5 competence modules and was composed of 12 course categories with 66 class contents and corresponding objectives. Conclusions The research methods were scientific and precise. The course system was comprehensive in content and reliable in result. It could be reference for course training of infectious disease specialist nurses.