Background: Hand hygiene compliances of healthcare students have been examined extensively. However, there has been no study in this area for the students of the department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation. The aim was to evaluate hand hygiene compliance of the department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation students after a briefing on hand hygiene. Methods: Before the summer practice, the students were briefed on hand hygiene. Then their hand hygiene compliance were assessed. Their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical summer practice data, and hand hygiene compliance based on the recommendations commented in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health Care Settings were assessed with a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. Results: Of 53 students, 52 met inclusion criteria. The average correct answer rate was 82.69%. Students had inadequacies in selecting suitable hand hygiene techniques and in complying with hand hygiene indications in some situations related to their profession. Moreover, the students suggested that there was a great need for education (n = 24; 39.34%) and improvements in physical conditions (n = 21; 34.43%). Conclusions: As a conclusion, department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation students were aware of the importance of hand hygiene in terms of prevention of healthcare-associated infections. However, for department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation students, educational programs about hand hygiene is needed in order to gain optimal competence and to be able to protect and improve health care workers and patients safety.