• A high-power stable picosecond laser based on Nd:YVO 4 and Nd:YAG rod amplifiers was proposed. • A maximum average output power of 310 W at 4.27 MHz was obtained. • A maximum peak power of 86.6 MW at 300 kHz was generated with a pulse energy of 700 μJ and a pulse duration of 8.08 ps. Herein, a high-power picosecond laser system based on master oscillator power amplifier structure is demonstrated. The seed source is a SESAM mode-locked fiber oscillator; the pulse repetition frequency is selected by an acoustic optical modulator with a tunable range from 100 kHz to 4.27 MHz. The amplification system includes one fiber amplifier stage, four stages of end-pumped Nd:YVO 4 amplifiers, and two stages of side-pumped Nd:YAG amplifiers. Finally, the average output power of >300 W is achieved. The maximum peak power is 86.6 MW at 300 kHz with a pulse energy of ∼700 μJ and a pulse duration of ∼8.08 ps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]