Simple Summary: The burden of cancer is growing in Arab countries, which have different patient characteristics, cancer profiles, and cancer care capacities compared with other regions. Therefore, there is a need for cancer trials that focus on people in the Arab region. This study looked at the records of cancer trials with a participating Arab center published between 2000 and 2021. Overall, Arab countries participated in 320 published clinical trials related to cancer treatment. The number of trials, number of patients included, and the number of trials with more than one participating site increased over time. Trials with participating Arab and non-Arab countries included more patients and were more likely to receive funding from external sources than Arab-only trials. Joint efforts are needed to overcome barriers to cancer trial participation and encourage international support for cancer research in the Arab region. The increasing cancer burden is a major health concern in Arab countries with cross-regional variations in cancer profiles. Given the limited oncology research output and scarce data on cancer trial participation in the Arab region, this study explored the therapeutic cancer trial landscape in Arab countries over the past 20 years. A bibliometric analysis of the PubMed database was conducted on primary publications of therapeutic trials with a participating Arab center. Arab countries participated in 320 published cancer-related therapeutic trials (2000–2021). During this period, there was a consistent increase in the number of trials, sample size, multiregional site participation, and number of randomized trials. However, most trials were small, did not receive external funding, and included a single Arab site. Compared with Arab-only trials, trials with joint non-Arab sites were larger (p = 0.003) and more likely to be externally funded (p < 0.001). Citation numbers and journal impact factors were higher in trial publications with joint non-Arab authorship than those without (p < 0.001, for both). Despite improving conduct and publication records of oncology trials with Arab centers, cancer trial participation remains limited in Arab countries. Concerted efforts are required to encourage sponsorship and international collaboration in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]