The phylum Actinobacteria is recognized as the most promising producer of many bioactive compounds. Among Actinobacteria, the genus Streptomyces is a prolific producer of many antibiotics, for example, Streptomycin. The present study investigates the bioactivity profiles of Actinobacterium BTA 1-131 (A1205) isolated from an Indonesian marine sponge, Melophlus sarassinorum. Molecular identification using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the isolate is similar to Streptomyces kunmingensis (98.4%). The isolate was cultivated in three fermentation media (ISP2, YS, and SYP) to select the best media for producing bioactive compounds. The compounds were extracted from solid and liquid cultures using methanol as a solvent. The crude methanolic extracts were tested for antibacterial and anticancer activities. The bioactivity screening indicated potential activity of the extracts against bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13420, invasive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells CACO-2. Profiling using LC-MS/MS indicated the probable influence of fermentation media to induce the selective production of bioactive compounds. Although further dereplication and fractionation are essential for the specific identification of bioactive compounds, the present study demonstrates the potential of Streptomyces BTA 1-131 as a producer of tetracycline and/or staurosporine. Further genomic analysis, such as whole genome sequencing, will also be beneficial to enable comprehensive exploration of the bioactive potential of BTA 1-131 via a genome-mining approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]