Objectives: Almonds have aroused much attention as a nutrient-dense food that may help with obesity and overweight. Existing research on almond consumption and anthropometric indices in overweight and obesity has provided conflicting results. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated the almond effects on anthropometric indices in overweight and obese adults. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched up to November 2021. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting the effects of almond intake on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fat mass (FM) were included. The random-effects or fixed-effects model was applied in the metaanalysis. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. All included studies were in the English language. Results: The pooled results of 7 studies, including 638 participants, showed almond intake had no significant effect on anthropometric indices including BW (weighted mean difference [WMD]= -1.47; 95% CI:-3.56 to 0.61; p= 0.166; I2= 91.0%), BMI (WMD= -0.98; 95% CI:-2.13 to 0.16; p= 0.092; I2= 92.8%), WC (WMD = -3.69; 95% CI:-7.79 to 0.41; p= 0.078; I2= 93.6%) and FM (WMD= -1.19; 95% CI:-2.94 to 0.57; p= 0.185; I2= 82.6%). However almond effects were significant in improvment of BW, BMI and FM using sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: Almond intake failed to affect anthropometric indices significantly. Almond effects on BW, BMI, and FM were significant after sensitivity analysis. Further RCTs using different almond amounts in various durations are needed to provide more reliable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]