Background: Adiponectin and leptin plasma levels during normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus have been studied but there are some variations in the reported results although some trends are observed. In the present study, serum levels of these adipokines have been determined in normal and pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: OGTT test has been made in pregnant women for gestational diabetes mellitus screening and in non-pregnant women to assess their glucose tolerance status. Three groups of 12 women were included in the study: non-pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance, pregnant women without and pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Leptin and adiponectin serum levels were then determined by radioimmunoassay at 10-15 weeks and 24-28 weeks of gestational age in normal pregnant women and at 24-28 weeks of gestation in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Results: serum leptin level in normal pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation (13.24 ± 3.69 ng/mL) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in non-pregnant women. In normal pregnant women, adiponectin levels were 82.83 ± 21.95 µg/mL and 76.31 ± 42.99 µg/mL respectively at 10-15 weeks and 24-28 weeks of gestation and were significantly higher (p<0.001) than adiponectin level in non-pregnant women (7.52 ± 4.66 µg/L). Leptin and adiponectin levels in women with gestational diabetes were not significantly different from levels in normal pregnant women. Conclusion: These data suggest that leptin and adiponectin levels could not systematically be considered as marker of gestational diabetes in all pregnant women population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]