Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of inherited genetic diseases in which muscles weaken and degenerate over time as a result of hereditary deficiencies in the muscle membrane or accessory proteins. Genetic counseling is the process that includes providing information to individuals who carry or are at risk of carrying a genetic disease and their family members about the prognosis of the disease, its treatment, if there is a possibility of recurrence, as well as which tests should be performed at what periods and their results. Muscular dystrophies can be single gene diseases as well as multigenic. In order to understand the genetic etiology in this disease group that shows genetic heterogeneity, it is necessary to know the terms of locus heterogeneity and allelic heterogeneity. Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy are the best known muscular dystrophies which approximately 60% are caused due deletion, 30% due point mutation and 10% by duplication. Other diseases with well-known genetic etiologies are Limb Gİrdle, facioscapulohumeral and myotonic dystrophies. It is necessary to choose the diagnostic test method according to the type of mutation in the etiology and to provide genetic counseling both before and after the genetic testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]