Clinical data has proven that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has an important role during fetal and infant neurodevelopment. It was shown that the brain, which is a lipid organ, is mainly made up of lipids and half of them are known to be long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is well know that DHA has an important effect on cognitive performance, because it is involved in neurogenesis, neurotransmission systems, cell survival, and not only. It is acquired in utero through placental transfer and through breast milk in infancy, and depends on the dietary intake of the mother. It has been proven that DHA maternal supplementation reduces the risk of preterm births, and lead to a better score in problem-solving tests and also in childhood IQ scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]