Neurons are the structural and functional units in the nervous system of higher animals. As an antioxidant, VC has been used to study the treatment of oxidative damage in neurons. SH-SY5Y is often used as a common model for in vitro oxidative damage study. In this work, we constructed an oxidative damage model based on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y cells) treated with ethanol, and used different concentrations of VC to study cell repairs. The injury degree of SH-SY5Y cells were detected by MTT method and morphological observation. At the same time, the changes of the cell membrane surface morphology were obtained by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The mechanical expression information of SH-SY5Y cells on the micro/nano-scale was obtained by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). To study the process of repairing oxidative damage of cells. The results showed that VC could inhibit the oxidative damage of SH-SY5Y cells and repair the cells.