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학위논문 동서

15世紀 國語의 疑問法에 대한 考察

김영선

부산: 東亞大學校 1980

44 p: 삽도; 26 cm.

학위논문(석사)-- 東亞大學校 大學院: 國語學專攻, 1980年 1월

영문초록 : According to the types of answers which is expected to an interrogative, the Interrogative Mood of Korean in the 15th century can be classified into General Question, Special Question, and Rhetorical Question. It can also be classified into two large groups: Purely Inflectional Type, ending a sentence with an interrogative ending and Semi-Inflectional Type with an interrogative particle. Ⅰ. Interrogative Mood with Pure Inflectional Type 1. General Question By this term is meant an interrogative form expecting an "yes-or-no" answer from a hearer, in which an interrogative is used foundamentally at the head or in the middle of a sentence, and the hearer comes to be the subject of the sentence in general. Subject may be omitted. (1-1) The Family of [-nta/-lta] In General Qnestion which fulfils its function with [-nta/-lta], there are two types: one is Pure General Question, in which only one language form of Interrogative is used, the other Alternative General Question with two or more than two language forms of Interrogative Mood but no interrogative word is used at the heads of sentences. The hearer comes to be the subject of the sentence or it is omitted and "yes-no" or alternative answer is expected to these types. It may be said that a nature of Tag Question is observed in an Alternative General Question which ends with [-nta] (1-2) The Family of [-ka/-a] It is used extensively irrespective of the person of the subject, and an interrogative is not used rogative is not used fundamentally in the middle of the sentence. a. Pure General Question (a-1) The Case of Holding a Hearer in Esteem 1) The Highest Honorific Title (Most Elevating) [-Di] intervenes and [-ni-] is put at the head; therefore, it comes to be [-niDiska]. In the case of [-ita] and [anita], [-ni-] isn't put at the head. 2) Common Honorific Title (Customary Elevating) Calling the object a little lower than the case of [-niDiska], it comes to be [-niska]. (a-2) The Case of Lowering a Hearer Asking an ignoble object a question, it comes to be [-rj∂], [-nj∂], [-nij∂], [-nija], etc. b. Alternative General Question (b-1) The Case of Being Consistent with the Language Forms of Reciprocal Interrogative Mood 1) The Case of Holding a Hearer in Esteem The hearer is held in esteem by being consistent with two or more than two language forms of reciprocal interrogative mood, after that, by choosing one of them. The speaker holds the hearer in esteem with [-Di-] at the head. With [-ni-] [-ri-] put at the head, their forms come to be [-niDiska] or [riDiska]. In case of [-ita] or [anita], [-ni-] or [-ri-] isn't put at the head. 2) The Case of Lowering a Hearer In the two reciprocal cases, it demands an answer made by choosing one of them, and ends the sentence with [-nj∂], [-nija], [-rj∂], etc. (1-3) The Family of [-nka/-lka] In this [-nka/-lka] case, a special interrogative isn't put at the head or in the middle of the sentence. It is used in the case of lowering a hearer, and all of the speech levels come to be hunible titles only. When a speaker himself has doubt, apprehension, and suspicion, it appears. a. The Case of Direct Narration It is classified into two groups-one creating only one language form of Interrogative Mood, and the other consistent with two, or more than two language forms of Interrogative Mood. All of these appear with the form that a speaker himself has doubt. b. The Case of Indirect Narration AS the case of direct narration, a speaker himself has doubt, and it is characterized by the fact that morpheme holding the object in esteem (-Di-) as the speech level in Modern Korean doesn't intervene in it. 2. Special Question It means that a speaker requires' an explanation of the unknown fact from a hearer, and an interrogative is put at the head or in the middle of the sentence. Finally, the hearer's answer is an explanation to the interrogative. (2-1) The Family of [-nta/-lta] A hearer comes to be the subject of the sentence in general, but it is abbreviated under certain circumstances. Though it doesn't hold the hearer in esteem, a speaker requires an explanation to the interrogative. It isn't consistent with the language form of Interrogative Mood, and an example of the alternative choice isn't found, too. (2-2) The Family of [-ko/-o] Morpheme holding the object in esteem {-Di-} can be put at the head, and {-ni-} or {-ri-} are put fundamentally at the head, excepting the case of [-ita]. Holding the hearer in esteem, it appears as [-niDisko] or [-iDisko]; lowering the hearer, it appears as [-njo] or [-nio]. (2-3) The Family of [-nko/-lko] In direct narration and indirect narration, it is the same as General Question, but it is different from the fact that an interrogative isn't put in the middle of the sentence. 3. Rhetorical Question It takes the form of interrogative for the sake of emphasizing the speaker's idea to the object rather than asking the hearer's answer. (3-1) The Family of [-ko/-o] a. The Case of Holding a Hearer in Esteem Morpheme holding the object in esteem(-Di-) intervenes, and It appears as the form of [-riiDsko] with(-ri-) at the head. An interrogative is used in the middle of the sentence, but it loses its function because, in rhetorical question, the speaker's main idea has already been passed on to the predicate. b. The Case of Lowering a Hearer A sentence ends with [-rio] or [-rjo], and it takes the form of interrogative for the sake of emphasizing the idea of the speaker's own inspite of lowering the hearer, A sentence ends with [-rju] on rare occasions. (3-2) The Family of [-ka/-a] a. The Case of Holding a Hearer in Esteem. It ends with [-niiDska] or [-riiDska] found, in a sentence without an interrogative, but there are several examples with an interrogative because of the loss of its function. In this case, It seems to me that the speaker's main idea has already passed onto the predicate. b. The Case of Lowering a Hearer A sentence ends with [-rij∂], and an interrogative isn't used in the middle of the sentence. Sometimes, it ends with [-stΛnj∂] for the sake of expressing a strong cross-question. (3-3) The Family of [-nka/-lka] A sentence with an interrogative ends with [-nka/-lka]. In this case, it is also due to the fact that an interrogative has lost its function. (3-4) Abridgement of Interrogative Ending In principle, a sentence ends with [-niiDisko], [-riiDisko], [-niiDska], [-riiDska], but it ends with [-ni] or [-ri] with [-iDisko] or [-iDiska] abridged. Ⅱ. Interrogative Mood with Semi-inflectional Mood 1. General Question An interrogative isn't used in the middle of the sentence on account of adding an interrogative particle, {-ka/-a} to a real part of speech, root and asking the hearer's judgement. In case that the final sound of the uninflected word is /l/, allomorph {-a} appears with /k/ left out. In the Chinses particles, {-ka} appears after consonants, and {-a} after vowels without exception. 2. Special Question An interrogative is used in the middle of the sentence and this special question requires an explanation from the hearer. A sentence ends with an interrogative particle, {-ko/-o} added to a real part of speech, root. In case that the final sound of the uninflected word is /l/, allomorph {-o} appears with /k/ left out.

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