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학위논문 동서

고려시대 수월관음보살도 연구

안정자

부산: 동아대학교 1997. -

iv,85장: 삽도; 26cm. -

학위논문(석사)- 동아대학교 대학원 사학과 1997년2월

영문초록 : Koryoˇ(高麗) dynasty Water-moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon(水月觀音菩薩圖) takes the largest specific gravity among the existing Buddhist paintings of the Koryoˇ dynasty. Although it was influenced by Donwhang(敦煌) and China Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon(水月觀音菩薩圖), It is described aesthetic sence with original expression. It is very valuable research material in the study of history of Koryoˇ dynasty paintings owing to the harmorny of Bodhisattva. The purpose of this thesis is a study on the profound explanation and era regarding to Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon's scripture and a style of painting. Therefore, for this study, I considered the origin and designation, character of Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva faith which is the matrix for this painting in chapter I. Inspite of many heresy, it seems that the outset appearance of Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva is foremer times of the 2nd century. Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva, an object of worship, has mercy on Sattva(衆生) and shows up many different forms according to the Sattva's hope. For example. prosperity of children, easy birth and travel, especially, safeguard when One sails sea, and protector. In chapter Ⅱ, I tried to grasp a general view of the formation of Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon. Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Icon was originated Donwhang pattern(敦煌本). Although Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon is one of 33Avalokites´vara(33觀音), base on the 「Bomoonpoom」(普門品) of 『Bubwha-sutra』(法華經), it is more like Potalaka(補陀落山) Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva of 「Ipbubgyepoom」(入法界品) of 『Whaeum-sutra』(華嚴經). There are many heresy about the original name of Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon. It was started by Chou Fang(周昉). Though there are no existing examples of the late Tang(唐) and Oh(五)dynasty, we can analogize the style of paintings by Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon disinterred in Donwhang. There is a record about the manufacture by Bum Keng(范瓊) and Joa Jun(左全) in 9th century of Song(宋)dynasty. In company with prosperity of Song dynasty's the Zen sect of Buddism(禪宗), Manufacture of India ink Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon by Lee Gong Rin(李公麟) in the late North Song(北宋) dynasty was notified us of add the element of Avalokites´vara dressed in White clothe(白衣觀音) Acording to the record, the manufacture of Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon in Korea was started around the late of 11th century in literature. There is a possibility, however, that it was created much more early. In chapter Ⅲ, I considered the division of Age through the study on Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon was influenced by so many designs that is called many names such as Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva dressed in White clothe, Avalokites´vara carry on awillow twig(楊柳觀音) etc‥‥ Koryoˇ Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon is depicted as Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva and Sudhana(善財童子) based on 「Ipbubgyepoom」(入法界品) 『Whaeum- sutra』(華嚴經). Although the design was Influenced by Donwhang(敦煌) and China, it developed with its own character. Posture of Koryoˇ Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon was classified a sitting posture and a standing posture. Once more, A sitting posture was classified posture in sitting with one leg crossed, and posture in sitting with two legs crossed and posture in sitting with care-free attitude. In chapter Ⅳ, I considered the study on a composition, posture, line, design, texture, color, unity of Koryoˇ Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Icon. Thorugh this consideration, The special features of Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Icon in 14th century are Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva and a nimbus which are depicted in full sight, relatively small Sudhana, a crystal beads in Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva's hand, transparent veil, a large bundle of flower and a large lotus near Avalokites´vara's feet and coral, etc‥‥ As time goes on, direction of face changes many things change for example, from side view to front view and the shape of face and coronet comes to short square. In addition, spectator can see more part of Sudhand's face, but Avalokites´vara avoid his eye. That means the change as an Icon. According to style of painting, there is a balance and space ? with the harmony of the opposite angle line, an oblique line, a screw-shape, the vertical, the horizon composition. And that is a noble painting with dim brown tone, white transparent veil and gold line design and red skirt, fine and gorgeous design and transparent veil are the most strong feature of Koryoˇ. Generally the thickness of line used id fixed because of iron line, however, it is used according to each part. And the depoct of background (mountains and streams) is Influenced by the Blue Green Landscape(靑綠山水) and the group of Lee Guak(李郭派) in China. That's why it's a work with harmony and beauty. But in the last half year , A style of painting is seen sturdy expression, that is, turbidity of color, simplicity of munutia expression, deviating of design pattern, and deterioration of a stroke of the pen. Although Koryoˇ Water-Moon Avalokites´vara Bodhisattva Icon was in fluenced Donwhang and China, it expresses not only an excellent workpiece with imagination and originality of Koryoˇ but also the feature and change of general buddhist painting of Koryoˇ.

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