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학위논문 동서

黃色 自生菊(Chrysanthemum indicum and Chrysanthemum boreale)의 生理, 生態的特性에 관한 硏究

이종수

부산: 동아대학교 1994. -

102장: 삽도 지도 챠트 복제; 27cm. -

학위논문(박사)- 동아대학교 대학원 원예학과 전공 `95년2월

영문초록 : 56 populations of Ch. indicum and Ch. boreale being autogenous in Korea as original species of Ch. morifolium were collected throughout the country, and their ecological characteristics and variable species were studied in this paper. Furthermore, the basic physiological and morphological characteristics of the selected 12 main populations among them were examined and analyzed. The results are as follows. 1. Ecological characteristics 1) Ch. indicum ranges, except for same cases in inland area, in mainly the region of western coast, a part of southern coast of the Korean peninsula and the southern Cheju island, and Ch. boreale ranges all over the country. They generally grow in the vicinity of residental districts below the timber line. Particularly they grow in the artificial slopes such as side areas of the road and earthen ridges of field. They exhibitied high tolerance against soil conditions, but it seems that it prefers the sunny side slope without long herb. These phenomena show that wild yellow chrysanthemum is a sun plant. 2) The mean of the plant height is 103.5cm at the native place. Lower leaves below the 30th node are seen to wither. The plant branches out at the upper node where leaves don't wither. It has about 4.4 fascicular stems and 6 1st branches, 4.6 2nd branches. The size of capitulum is about 26mm for Ch. indicum and about 18mm for Ch. boreale. Each population is quire different un the plant height and at the withering node. This is due to the differences of soil conditions and species, but it would be better to understand this in view of plant-sociology. 3) In view of plant socialogy they centered on the constitution of competition than the mutual relationship. It has been examined to be inferior in the competition with Gramineae, Compositae, Broad-leaved vines. 2. Morphological characteristics 1) The mean of the plant height is 97.3㎝ at the plantation. Ch. indicum is 76.5㎝ in height and Ch. boreale is 116.6㎝. and it is smaller at the plantation than at native place. This is thought to be because the cultivated wild chrysanthemum grows in the condition of non-competitiveness. The average number of nodes is 56, and there is no quite a difference between species and populations, either. The color of stem is generally black-red for Ch. indicum and is green for Ch. boreale. This could be a norm to distinguish a species from another, but the clear classification of species seems to be difficult with an analysis of pigment and chlorophyll. 2) In view of the shape of leaf, the leaf of Ch. indicum is small in size and thick and it has a stipule, while the leaf of Ch. boreale is large and thin and it doesn't have a stipule. This fact enables us to distingulish a species from the other, but Gyulpo-population of Ch. indicum has a large leaf, and Byunsan population of Ch. boreale has a stipule so that the difference between species is admitted. It was confirmed that the size of a capitulum has positive correlation to that of pedicel and has negative correlation to the number of flowers, so that of inflorescence. Ch. indicum has corymb, Ch. boreale has crowed corymb or umbel-type. The average number of ligulates is 19, and the difference followed by species and populations were not admitted. 4) The cluster analysis of morphological characteristics showed that it was divided into two groups, which was admitted to be due to the difference of species between Ch. indicum and Ch. boreale. The populations which belong to Ch. indicum are Anmyundo, Chunan, Gyukpo, Hyunsu, Seabagi, Yokji, Wimi population and the populations which belong to Ch. boreale are Gapyung, Hambeaksan, Byunsan, Gonyang, Yungam population. However, it could not be admitted that their morphological characteristics explain a geographical relationship between population. 3. Physiological characteristics 1) In the isoperoxidase analysis 7-12 bands appeared, and among the total 13 bands the 3rd and the 11th bands seem to be important ones to determine species. But it is not certain that the relationships between native zone as well as species could be explained with the appearance of band of isoperoxdase. 2) It was observed that the number of chromosome of Ch. boreale is 2n=18 and that of Ch, indicum is 2n=36. But several populations appeared differently in number, same ones have 3x(2n=27), so that the difference among species is not clear. 3) Most flower buds differentiated in short day, and it took about 70=80 days from the flower bud differentiation day to the flower beginning day. The blooming time is from the early October to the early November. Most of wild yellow chrysanthemums belong to SS-plant, but is seems that Chunan and Hambeaksan populations are LS-plant. The flower beginning time gets late in proportion as the latitude gets low so that it becomes different according to the difference of latitude rather than the difference of species, and it seems that high temperature makes putting of flower-beginning. 4) There is little difference between morphologi-physiologocal characteristics in plantation and native area. The regional variety has a tendency to show the genotype. Therefore, regional characteristics must be taken into account, in the case that the wild yellow chrysanthemum is utilized as hereditary resources.

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